The Role Of Police Officers And Deviant Behaviors Within...

MANDEEP SINGH 300183867 INTRO TO POLICING 1120 November 20, 2013 CIVILIAN OVERSIGHT Police work is a highly taxing and combative job where situations get aggravated in split seconds. Either patrolling a notorious neighbourhood, chasing a criminal on the streets or getting in a cross-fire with the suspect ,life is always on the edge. The tough choices made in these irksome situations are highly subject to the Police officers’ power to exercise his discretion. But with having discretionary power, police officers are also accountable for their conduct with the public and other members of the criminal justice system. The term civilian oversight refers to a practice under which law enforcement procedures by the police is reviewed and the misconduct is judged by the civilians. From many years it has been a controversial issue of who should policing the police for the deviant behaviors existing in police environment . There is no doubt that police officers must be held accountable for the deviant behaviors or the actions they take which are against the law. POLICE DESCRETION The quality of decision making decides the quality of policing . Many cognitive factors are involved in making decisions. Police officers have the authority to use force to ensure that laws are upheld and public safety and security maintained. But in recent years, a number of community groups have mounted public campaigns for civilian oversight of police complaint processes, as theShow MoreRelatedDeviance And Its Effect On Society Essay1436 Words   |  6 PagesDeviance is any behavior that does not conform to the dominant norms or values in a society or social group. Deviance can be either non-criminal or criminal. In today’s society, citizens view deviance behavior as activities that are associated with alcoholism, larceny, lying, gambling, cross-dressing, walking around nude in public places, and so forth. These are just a few examples of what societal members view as deviance. People who decide to engage in such behavior are declared to be deviants. Th e conceptRead MoreA Theory That Builds Upon Conflict Theory1703 Words   |  7 Pagesexamine why some officers exhibit deviant behaviors and why other officers do not is Symbolic Interactionism. Using this theory, I will examine the police targeting of citizens, more specifically the politically ostracized, and the spatial and temporal contexts in which this specific targeting occurs. Symbolic Interactionism gives emphasis on the individual meanings and the influences that socialization has when explaining the micro or individual level on interactions between the police and the politicallyRead MoreInmate Tattoos2493 Words   |  10 Pages Police Corruption The law enforcement role has authority and power in any society, and often that power is combined with the ability to make discretionary decisions that may profoundly affect the lives of the people in the community. With abundant power and authority, the temptation for corruption occurs. Police corruption is one major type of police misconduct, and has been known throughout history. According to Pollock (2012), â€Å"police corruption does not occur justRead MoreThe Theory Of Criminal Justice System1544 Words   |  7 Pagesthe criminal justice system. One of these key perspectives is the social control perspective. Social control theory lets us understand and lower levels of criminal activity. The idea is that an individual’s basic belief system fosters a lawful environment. People who have beliefs and commitments generally have enough self control over their actions and are able to stay on the good side of the law. Travis Hirshi was the creator of the social control theory, first known as the social bondRead MoreDiversity Experience : Lgbt Context889 Words   |  4 Pagesleading up to the role colleges and universities have in the United States in bringing awareness to the social awakening concerning LGBT issues. By changing curricula, higher education raises awareness of its faculty and students. This provides a safer environment for LGBT students, and helps prepare heterosexual and cisgender students for the diverse world they will encounter after leaving their college/university. Early efforts to understand the range of human sexual behavior came from EuropeanRead MorePolice Corruption2291 Words   |  10 Pagesand discretion in police work produces great potential for abuse. Police corruption has been a problem in American society since the early days of policing. An ancient natural tendency of human beings is to attempt to placate or win over those in positions of authority over them. This tendency is complicated in today’s materialistic society by greed and by the personal and financial benefit to be derived from evading law. The temptations toward illegality offered to police range from freeRead MoreThe Influence of Geography and Social Networks on Gang Violence1520 Words   |  7 Pagesthe involvement of violent crimes and unlawful behavior as a group or even by oneself. Since these gangs are increasing in size in communities, citizens of certain areas are beginning to move out or avoid going to these locations in order to avoid becoming the next victim to one of the community gangs waiting to engage in their next deviant act. These specific areas are located in communities that are at a poverty level, toxic areas, or environments where immigration is at its highest. Law enforcementRead MoreThe Influence Of Social Influences On Development2076 Words   |  9 PagesBaltes, in his typology of social influences, discusses the idea that people develop within a particular context or setting. Development can occur in the context of family, school, friends, neighborhoods and so forth. Such settings can be influenced by social, economic, political, historical, and cultural factors. Individuals, therefore, are developing and changing, as the world is evolving. Baltes explains three different influences that have an impact on development. The first includes the history-gradedRead MoreWhat is Deviance? Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagesconformity to the social norm. Not all deviant behavior is necessarily illegal or harmful to individuals, these behaviors can range from standing in another’s personal space to murdering another individual. In some cases, it can be looked upon as a positive change or a unique and favora ble act. Although, considered deviant because it is not the social norm, it still can have a very positive social aspect or lead to social change. Culture and the societies within these cultures have a significant impactRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency And The Nature Of Police Juvenile9755 Words   |  40 Pagesand the nature of police-juvenile encounters fueled most recently by the â€Å"Black Lives Matter† campaigns nationwide toward improved police-youth interactions. Yet, there are knowledge gaps on how best to proceed. There is insufficient information on the prevalence and nature of police-juvenile encounters in the rural areas of Mississippi, specifically, the Delta region. This lack of information means that policy-makers and academics are responding non-empirically to matters of police-juvenile rural encounters

Foreign Policy Can Be A Slippery Slope - 1844 Words

For Every Action, There is an Equal and Opposite Reaction Foreign policy can be a slippery slope, it’s difficult to have a policy between two diverse countries where their beliefs, values, and cultures are entirely different. As a result, when countries are entwined within a foreign policy, the decisions made may only benefit the very few people at the top. Unfortunately, when the leader of a country only takes their needs and wants into account and disregards policies to help make their country better domestically, problems will arise. As we saw through Taken Hostage, the tension of foreign policy between Iran and the U.S. was not a result of just one action, but instead the result of actions over the years. The Iranian people already had†¦show more content†¦Although the hostage crisis took place in 1979, the disapproval of the United States and Iran foreign relations took place over a century before the overthrow of the embassy. A major threat to the United States was the fear of the Soviets spreading their communist beli efs internationally. Due to this, the United States came to conclusion that the best way to stop the Soviets was to use a containment strategy (Cold War Intervention 1954). This entailed the United States doing what they thought was necessary to stop the spread of communism. Unfortunately, the prime minister of Iran at that time supported Soviet beliefs along with the idea of nationalism. The nationalist beliefs of the prime minister gave him the idea of nationalizing the Britain and American owned petroleum refineries in Iran, and god forbid someone touches the U.S. oil. With the fear of Soviet communism having an influence on Iran, the United States successfully completed a covert CIA operation that overthrew Mossaegh. Thus, replacing him with a pro-western Shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, who despised the Soviets just as much as the United States. With the new anti-communist Shah in place, the fear of the Soviets influencing Iran had finally subsided. However, even though the Unite d States needs were satisfied, American intervention with Iranian affairs was deeply resented. By the time of 1970 the Iranian people

Sternwheeler Clyde Essay Sample free essay sample

Home Port: Northport Marina – Alma Wisconsin Hull Information: theoretical account bow. semi 5 10 ga. A ; 3/16? steel building. 4 compartments.Hull Size: 44? X 12? X 1’4? bill of exchange Paddlewheel: 8’4?dia. x 9’4? broad oak and Fe building 16 – 1?7 pails ( ash )Engine Information: 4 cylinder 36 HP V1505 Kubota Diesel Drive: Engine turns a variable supplanting Eaton pump giving way and velocity on individual control lever. Dual Eaton 6000 motors driving both sides of wheel thru 2:1 roller concatenation decrease. Secondary hydraulic pump furnishes power for hydraulic guidance and 8? bow pusher. Builder Information: The CLYDE. was built over the past 12 old ages by my boy Frank and I in our pace at Pepin. We started with a 36? Whitcraft houseboat hull. cut a pes off the tallness. and reshaped the after part to supply profligate for the wheel. Decks are of 14Ga steel. Cabins are wood. First launched June 22. 2001 in Alma. Wisconsin. Superstructure: Wood building. chief cabin with galley and dinette. Full caput. We will write a custom essay sample on Sternwheeler Clyde Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page pilot bunks. and a maestro stateroom. Engine and Hydraulics set in the hull under the chief cabin. All controls are located in the pilot house. Rubber membrane roofing. Hog ironss are merely for expressions but they do pull off to maintain invitees from falling off the roof. Misc: The CLYDE. has fuel capacity of 2- 43 gal bow armored combat vehicles. 1- 30 gal chief armored combat vehicle. 50 gal H2O and waste armored combat vehicles. She besides carries 110 gallons of ballast armored combat vehicles in the bow. She has twin chief rudders in front of the wheel. Tried monkey rudders but decided they were more problem than they were deserving. Engine chilling is through ss H2O to H2O heat money changers. Engine fumes is a usage US Secret Service hydrolift type silencer. Narrative: The CLYDE was named after the balk CLYDE. the first Fe hulled boat ( 1870 ) on the upper Miss. My gramps Frank Newcomb was pilot on the CLYDE and his brother Ike Newcomb was Master. When I was a child. my pa built a 20? sternwheeler with a 6 horsepower Briggs and this started the whole trade.

Key Drivers of HIV and AIDS in Sub

Key Drivers of HIV and AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa and San Francisco Disease epidemics are largely caused by specific historic, political, economic, and cultural aspects. In this respect, the infection spread is often regarded as a social rather than biological process. The plague of the twenty-first century is AIDS that have been caused by a complex of cultural, economic and political conditions. Specifically, gender inequalities, genocide, poverty, and many other factors have had a destructive impact on the situation in developing countries (Kalipeni 15).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Key Drivers of HIV and AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa and in San Francisco and Church’s Response to the AIDS Pandemic specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Due to the lack of resources, consistent infrastructures, and effective governance, these economies have been struck by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and AIDS. The A frican continent has undergone the worst shifts, particularly its Sub-Saharan region. However, poverty is only one of the key drivers of disease epidemic because there are many cultural, moral, and ethnic determinants influencing the situation. To enlarge on this issue, the rate of people suffering from HIV/AID is significant. Irrespective of local conditions and geographical peculiarities, the reasons for HIV/AIDS emergence are rooted in a complex mix of political, social, and economical factors that drive the epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa and San Francisco. The nature of these factors is different, but refers to the common categories. The most tangible of epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa is strongly associated with gender issues. Specifically, such problems as gender inequalities and gender vulnerabilities, violence, and many other gender-related challenges are on the South African agenda (Gender and Inequalities and HIV n. p.). Gender inequalities are more related to masculinity i mplying that males are likely to have more sexual partners. This is of particular concern to men having relationship with much younger women. Further, force sex and violence of physical and emotional character are experienced by women who are less resistant to these threats. What is more threatening is that women have a lesser access to HIV/AID prevention plans causing restrictions to a decision-making process. Poverty and migrations are also among the core reasons for spread of the dangerous epidemic. Specifically, HIV prevention programs are often halted due to the lack of funding. These socioeconomic obstacles prevent the population from receiving sufficient financial, moral, and social support from developed countries (Kalipeni 205). This also explains why AIDS pandemic is still the major threat to our plant (Kelly 26). Despite the fact that many scientific and technological advances directed at preventing the disease have been introduced, the evidence shows that they have littl e impact on the developing countries having much lesser access to financial resources.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Cultural believes, morale, and ethics are decisive in defining the underpinnings of increased rates of HIV/AIDS in South Africa. While attaining much importance to cultural forces, it should be noted that educational and information reforms must be introduced to increase the population knowledge and promote generally accepted educational standards (Kalipeni 17). Lack of information and responsiveness explains the inefficiency of prevention plan because cultural constraints determine the results. Although the United States belong to one of the most developed economies, the rate of AID/HIV creates a serious challenge to the US government. The problem is of particular concern to San Francisco region where the epidemic is also on the rise. The contributing factors involve sexual orientation issues, injection drugs problems, and racial discrepancies. Heterosexuality can be largely associated with psychological, behavioral, and ethical patterns that are strongly associated with homosexuals (Kelly 45). Injection drugs are also toughly connected with the development of AIDS/HIV because they reflect the behavioral and psychological patterns that are typical of citizens (Rao and Svenkerud 86). In this respect, the prevention programs should be culturally sensitive and oriented on shaping new cultural patterns. Finally, racial discrepancies influence greatly the situation with AIDS increased rate as far as immigration issues are concerned. To be more precise, African Americans have higher rates of reported HIV cases among which are such categories as MSM and trans-persons are included (San Francisco HIV Prevention Plan 3). In conclusion, the analysis of social, cultural and political situations in Sub-Saharan region and San Francisco has re vealed that that there are a great number of factors contributing to the spread of the epidemic. In particular, the key driving factors of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan African involve gender inequality, poverty and migration, and cultural beliefs. In its turn, San Francisco high rates are largely predetermined by sexual orientation, injection drugs proliferation, and racial discrepancies. All these factors can be embraced into a complex mix of social, cultural, and economical issues. Differences and Similarities of Factors Driving HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa and San Francisco The identification of factors triggering the rise of HIV/AIDS in the regions has uncovered a number of distinctive differences and similarities. Before analyzing those, it should be stressed that pandemic is a social process that touches upon many political, ethnic, racial, cultural, and economical issues, which is the explicit similarity related to issue.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sam ple on Key Drivers of HIV and AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa and in San Francisco and Church’s Response to the AIDS Pandemic specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another common feature refers to the sexual orientation problem, particularly to homosexual males who have greater risk of being infected by the disease. Hence, due to male gender prevalence in South Africa, men are more likely to be sexually promiscuous. Despite similarities, there are obvious distinctions predetermined largely by economical and political conditions. Specifically, the level of poverty is different and, as a result, the causes of pandemic differ as well. South African region refers to developing economies whereas San Francisco in much more advanced in these terms. In addition, there are also discrepancies in cultural beliefs and perceptions. Lack of education and deficiency in understanding the problem prevents African people from embracing the seriousness of the issue. Church’s Response to AIDS Pandemic Today, African religious institutions are primarily considered as healing ministries. This tendency has come to the forth when it comes in Christian traditions in African region as far as the problem of AIDS spread is concerned. The analysis of religious background of churches in Zimbabwe and other countries of Southern region have revealed that religion considers AIDS as a deviation of behavior and rejection to follow the main principles of religion (Dube 27). The church reaction on the epidemic, therefore, can be considered through wider applications of religion to AID/HIV problem. Judging from the above, Churches in African places an emphasis on moral dimension to eliminate spiritual and physical suffering that people endeavor because of the disease. In this respect, the Christian communities are more presented as mentors and teachers encouraging people to fight with the pandemic and resort to pre-caution methods. Their actions are directed at increasing people’s awareness and promoting specific educational programs based on the Biblical principles. The reforms concern both the infected people and the one who face this threat. Works Cited Dube, Lilian et al. African Initiatives in Healing Ministry, South Africa: UNISA Press, 2011. Print.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More â€Å"Gender and Inequalities and HIV†. Gender, Women and Health. World Health Organization. 2011. Web. Kalipeni, Ezekiel, et al. HIV and AIDS in Africa: Beyond Epidemiology, New Jersey: Blackwell Publishing, 2006. Print. Kelly, Michael. HIV and AIDS: A Social Justice Perspective. Nairobi, Kenya: Paulines Publications, 2010. Print. Rao, Nagesh, and Peer J. Svenkerud. Effective HIV/AIDS prevention communication strategies to reach culturally unique populations: lesson learned in San Francisco, U. S. A and Bangkok, Thailand. International Journal of Intercultural Relations. 22.1 (1998): 85-105. Print. San Francisco Prevention Plan. Introduction. SFHIV. 2010. Web. This research paper on Key Drivers of HIV and AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa and in San Francisco and Church’s Response to the AIDS Pandemic was written and submitted by user Teagan E. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Old Tokyo

Throughout the pages of Old Tokyo, Keiko Imai Packard attempts to recreate the history of this great city between the years of 1855 and 1923. Using her grandmother’s tales as an influence, she uses her writing as a way to describe the culture and social attitudes of the time rather than give the reader only a list of dates and historical facts. She describes Edo/Tokyo’s history as ever evolving. The culture started from scratch multiple times throughout its history for various reasons including: developing political structures, changes in economic goals, and natural disasters. However, can this novel be used as historical documentation? While reading it several issues came to mind that made me ponder the validity of the book. In terms of historical text, Old Tokyo by Keiko Imai Packard should not be used as a primary source due to lack of documentation throughout the novel and obvious bias on behalf of the author and other contributing sources. However it can still be u sed it combination with other historical works as it does give helpful insight into the lives of everyday people in the city of Tokyo. The biggest problem I found while reading was the lack of documentation. By scanning Packard’s acknowledgement and preface, the reader is well aware of the different types of information that she used. She was obviously influenced by the stories that her grandmother used to tell her as a young child. â€Å"I was so interested in her manners and traditional habits that I often asked her to talk about her past. Her views of Tokyo were so different from mine, and this contrast instilled in me a lifelong fascination with the city she knew† (Packard, viii). However since her grandmother’s death she was left with just memories. In the acknowledgements she lists her different sources including a ninety-two year old man and her editor. Packard also has a bibliography at the back of the novel to list all of the books and articles that we... Free Essays on Old Tokyo Free Essays on Old Tokyo Throughout the pages of Old Tokyo, Keiko Imai Packard attempts to recreate the history of this great city between the years of 1855 and 1923. Using her grandmother’s tales as an influence, she uses her writing as a way to describe the culture and social attitudes of the time rather than give the reader only a list of dates and historical facts. She describes Edo/Tokyo’s history as ever evolving. The culture started from scratch multiple times throughout its history for various reasons including: developing political structures, changes in economic goals, and natural disasters. However, can this novel be used as historical documentation? While reading it several issues came to mind that made me ponder the validity of the book. In terms of historical text, Old Tokyo by Keiko Imai Packard should not be used as a primary source due to lack of documentation throughout the novel and obvious bias on behalf of the author and other contributing sources. However it can still be u sed it combination with other historical works as it does give helpful insight into the lives of everyday people in the city of Tokyo. The biggest problem I found while reading was the lack of documentation. By scanning Packard’s acknowledgement and preface, the reader is well aware of the different types of information that she used. She was obviously influenced by the stories that her grandmother used to tell her as a young child. â€Å"I was so interested in her manners and traditional habits that I often asked her to talk about her past. Her views of Tokyo were so different from mine, and this contrast instilled in me a lifelong fascination with the city she knew† (Packard, viii). However since her grandmother’s death she was left with just memories. In the acknowledgements she lists her different sources including a ninety-two year old man and her editor. Packard also has a bibliography at the back of the novel to list all of the books and articles that we...

Can You Reschedule Your SAT Date Should You

Can You Reschedule Your SAT Date Should You SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips What should you do when you’ve already registered for an SAT test date, but you have a schedule conflict or just aren’t ready to take the SAT yet?Never fear! SAT rescheduling is an option! If you’re wondering how you can reschedule your SAT, this guide has all the answers you need about SAT change date procedures. We’ll explain what it means to reschedule SAT test dates, how late you can reschedule, how much it will cost, and we’ll walk you through each step of how to changeSAT test dates. What Does It Mean to Reschedule Your SAT? Why Would You Need an SAT Reschedule? When you reschedule your SAT, it means changing the date (and sometimes the location) of your exam after you’ve already registered for a particular date.You’ll need to cancel your current registration and reschedule a new date to take the SAT. There are a few reasons why you might need to change the date of your SAT: Schedule conflict: An academic, extracurricular, or personal activity may suddenly appear on your calendar on the day you were supposed to take the SAT. If it’s an important event, you may not be able to miss it, meaning you’ll need an SAT test reschedule. However, for certain school-related conflicts, you may be able to get an alternate SAT test date instead of rescheduling. Read more about alternative SAT test dates here. You haven’t prepared enough: Sometimes, despite your best efforts, you just can’t squeeze in enough time to study enough for the SAT before your test date. In these cases, you may want to reschedule your SAT for a later date so you have more time to prepare. What to Know Before You Reschedule Your SAT Before you begin the process of changing your SAT, you should know exactly what to expect and if it’s even possible for you to schedule an SAT date change. How Much Will the SAT Date Change Cost? If you need to reschedule SAT test dates, it will cost you $28 per reschedule(This is in addition to the $45 or $57 you already paid when you registered to take the SAT.)This $28 reschedule fee is the same whether your change just the test date and keep the location the same or if you change both the test date and the location.You will need to pay this fee even if you received a fee waiver when you registered for the SAT. How Late Can You Reschedule? The good news is that there is no deadline for rescheduling SAT test dates.You can even reschedule after your original test date has passed (as long as you didn’t show up for the test), and you’ll only need to pay the $28 reschedule fee, not an entirely new registration fee.However, if the new date you want to take the SAT on is less than a month away, you’ll also have to pay an additional $28 late registration fee on top of the SAT test reschedule fee. How to Reschedule Your SAT Not sure how to change SAT test dates? Rescheduling SATdates is an easy process that only takes a few minutes to complete. The process is the same for rescheduling both the General SAT and SAT Subject Tests. Follow these steps to change your test date. Sign-in to your College Board account. On your â€Å"My SAT† page, you’ll see the tests you’re registered for. Click â€Å"Change Registration† under the test that you want to reschedule. You’ll now see a new page with your SAT admission ticket information on it. At the bottom of the page, click â€Å"Change my test date.† You’ll then be brought to a page where, under â€Å"Test Date†, you can see the new SAT date(s) you can change to. Select the one that works best for you. You’ll then select your test center, confirm your personal information is correct, and pay the reschedule fee. When you’re finished, you’ll receive an email confirmation and a new admission ticket with your updated test date. Pros and Cons of an SAT Reschedule Is rescheduling your SAT the right decision for you? There are benefits and drawbacks for both options which we go over in this section. Pros Can Make It Possible for You to Take the SAT Sometimes you simply can’t make the original date you planned to take the SAT. If another commitment (whether it’s for school, an extracurricular, or another reason) makes it impossible for you to get to the test center on your original test date, rescheduling is sometimes the only thing you can do to take the SAT. Gives You More Time to Study Postponing your SAT will give you more time to study for the test, which can translate into a better score. This can be a significant benefit, but, remember, it only works if you put in the necessary study time. Check out these guides if you need help developing a study plan. How Long Should I Study for the SAT? The Best Way to Study for the SAT The Ultimate SAT Math Prep Guide Cheaper Than Canceling If you can’t make it to the test center on the day you already registered to take the SAT, it’s cheaper to reschedule the SAT then just outright canceling it and registering for a completely new test. Rescheduling will cost you an extra $28, while rescheduling a completely new test will cost $45 without the essay or $57 with the essay. Cons Added Cost As mentioned above, the reschedule fee for changing your SAT test date is $28. For some people this isn’t a big deal or it’s worth the benefit of changing their test date, but for others this cost, on top of the normal SAT registration fee, isn’t worth it. May Miss Certain Application Deadlines If you end up needing to push your SAT to a later date, you may miss certain college admission deadlines, depending on when your new test date is. Before you reschedule your SAT, be very sure that you aren’t jeopardizing your chances of applying to certain schools by postponing your SAT test date. It’s also important to be aware that some winter SAT test dates are occasionally delayed or canceled due to winter storms, so take into account when your new SAT test date will be and the chances of a snowstorm occurring where you’ll be taking it. SAT Reschedule: Key Takeaways If you can’t make your originally schedule SAT date, it’s possible to reschedule the exam.You can do this anytime before the test, but there is a reschedule fee of $28 that you’ll need to pay. If you're not sure how to reschedule SAT test dates, know that the SAT change date procedureis a simple process and can be completed in a few minutes on your My SAT page.Rescheduling your SAT can make it possible for you to still take the test, give you more time to study, and it’s cheaper than straight out canceling. However, it does come with an added cost and may cause you to miss certain college application deadlines. What's Next? Wondering what a good SAT score is? Learn how to set a score goalbased on the schools you want to get into. Need some study materials? We have links tofree and official SAT practice tests you can use during your studying! How do you send your SAT scores to colleges?Learn everything you need to know about sending SAT scores! Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today!

Preparing a comprehensive case analysis, Part 2 Assignment

Preparing a comprehensive case analysis, Part 2 - Assignment Example He further notes that since the inflation and the Gross National product (GNP) have a substantial impact on the market growth, they are included an index. The range is divided between two divisions: high growth depicting industries and firms growing and expanding faster than inflation and the gross domestic products and are shown above the line while low growth depicts those industries and firms growing slower and at a less than inflation rate or GNP rate. Headley (1977) notes that the horizontal axis (x) shows the relative market share. The share is computed relative to the largest competitor in the market. Consequently, both the range and the division are arbitrary. He incorporated the scale of 1.0 to show the line where market leadership will occur. This implied that market leadership would occur where the market share exceeded 1.0 As put forward by David (2011) and Headley (1977), the BCG Growth/share matrix is divided into four quadrants, each representing a particular type of b usiness. The circles represent products. Therefore, the size of the circle reflects the relative significance of the product to group sales. Furthermore, its development reflects the profit contribution to each division and occasionally represents in the pie segments within the circle. The Boston Consulting Group’s Growth Share Matrix Fig 2 (DISASTER SEQUENCE AND SUCCESS IN PRODUCT PORTFOLIO STARS QUESTION MARKS CASH COWS DOGS The disaster sequence moves from the dogs to stars to dogs in that order while the success sequence moves from the dogs to stars. Key Y AXIS – MARKET GROWTH RATE X AXIS – RELATIVE MARKET SHARE Disaster sequence (anticlockwise) The clockwise is the success sequence a) THE QUESTION MARKS These product or businesses compete in high growth markets, but where the markets share of the firm is relatively low. For instance, a new product launched into a high growth market and with an existing market leader is normally considered a question mark. B usiness firms with such products normally align themselves with either of the following intensive or divestment strategic options in order to improve the competitive position, sales volume and reputation of the firm: market penetration, market development and product development (David, 2011; Headley, 1977) b) THE STARS These are successful question marks (David, 2011). However, as Headley notes an investment is still normally required to maintain growth and defend the leadership position of the firm. As noted by Headley (1977), occasionally, they are marginally profitable products. However, as they achieve a more mature status in their life cycle and growth levels, they appear more attractive. He further notes that these products provide a basis for the long-term growth and profitability for the firm. During this business period, the firms normally adopt some strategic options such as market penetration; market and product development, joint ventures and integration. These defensiv e strategies are aimed at defending the market share and the leadership position from its competitors (David, 2011). C) THE CASH COW These are characterised by a relatively high market share in low growth industries. As the market matures, the need for the investment reduces due to a reduction in operating costs. As noted by the David (2011) and Headley (1977), these products are the most profitable products in the business portfolio. In addition, usually the market situation is boosted by the economies of scale

Schools and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Schools and Society - Essay Example Hiltz (1997) summarizes that: Virtual classroom students report higher subjective satisfaction than with the traditional classroom on a number of dimensions, including access to their professors and overall quality of educational experience Students perceive their learning experience to be group learning rather that individual learning and that the more they judge the experience to be collaborative, the more likely they are to judge the outcomes as superior to the traditional classroom (page 47). Instructional technologists, educational psychologists, and educators have spent much time developing strategies to use computer mediated communication as a way to enrich and empower student learning. By continuing to explore uses for older technologies and by developing plans to employ new technologies, education professionals are creating an environment where CMC tools are now simply a part of the learning space. They are tools to be used at the point of need and technologies to support multiple learning theories and styles. (Alavi, M., & Leidner, D. E. (2001 p 2). What are the social implications of CMC Does communication via a network impact how people interact with each other Does the quality of that interaction change whether we are at home, at work or at school The an

USA Admission Essay Essay Example for Free

USA Admission Essay Essay Every person is affected by the myriad of events and people who have managed to change their life direction. The same was with me. Many people have seriously influenced my decisions, choosing my life path and future career. For example, my mother taught me the heroism of selfless devotion to worthy cause as she was interested in the destinies of abused children. My playwriting teacher changed my attitude towards music and now I do appreciate the role of classical music in our dazzling world. My teacher of world history showed me that the history isn’t simply facts and dates – the history is the connection between cultures. In such a way my history teacher broadened my view that the world is wrapped up in lots of historical mysteries. Of course, these people influenced my life and contributed to my spiritual and psychological development, and these people easily strike my mind. Nevertheless, these people are elders and I am rather distanced from them. The person, whom I am going to devote my essay, has influenced me to change my life direction, but his influence is hardly describable. James was the first international student in my class and it is he who had influenced my decision to become international student, too. Before our meeting I thought I’d not be able to leave my native country and to become labeled as ‘international student’. It sounded for me as death penalty – I was afraid of discrimination. However, James showed how wrong I was. Together we developed our new personalities open to perception of new cultures and nationalities; we developed our own sense of humor and attitude towards girls. James came to my country having no friends and not knowing the language, but he was a strong person ready to fight all difficulties. I really admired his personal strength and his character. He said that leaving his native country was the most difficult decision he had ever made, but he realized that he would have more opportunities here. I saw how difficult for him it was to find new friends and to communicate with other people, but he never gave up. Before meeting James I felt sometimes like an outcast, but James made me feel more confident and find myself. Moreover, I re-affirmed my inspirations and drives. James and I had the same thoughts and the same problems and, therefore, sometimes I felt we are brothers. However, everything ends in our life and James left my school as his family moved to another city. Despite our efforts to maintain our relations, our friendship gradually drifted apart. Now I understand that our friendship was based on growing at the same surrounding and under the same conditions sharing similar hopes and fears. Our friendship in the middle school was magical, but, it is a pity that lighting doesn’t strike twice. Nevertheless, I became firm of purpose to become international student as James showed that I had nothing to fear. Yes, difficulties did challenge me, but I found strength to cope with them. James did work the lesson in my heart – you should be always confident in who you are and others will perceive you the same way. Actually, if I had never met James, I definitely would have missed experience of being international student. James exerted positive influence on my future life which became full of projects, ideas and companionships with new friends and classmates. Newton’s First Law of Motion states that ‘an object in motion tends to stay in motion in the same direction unless acted upon by an external force’. Actually, James was that external force! Now I made up decision to transfer to the University of South Carolina as it is one of the best private research universities in the world. I think that University will provide me with more opportunities and knowledge how to succeed in our highly-competitive business world. Moreover, I will be provided with the highest-quality education, skills and values which will be necessary for responsible citizenship in changing world. Apparent strength of University is diversity of faculties, where each student is able to choose the direction he is interested in the most.

How Can We Help The Homeless And Should We?: Searching For A Solution :: essays research papers

How Can We Help the Homeless and Should We?: Searching for a Solution Just a few months ago I was with my friends Mike and Kim and we had been walking around having a great time in the city. We then exited a store and Kim said something under her breath like, "Oh, no," when I looked in the same direction to find a middle aged man with a drunken stare to him. She knew this man as "the town drunk" and he had been homeless for years. He asked us for the time and we replied, but he didn't just stop with that and followed us across the street talking up a storm. He was telling his whole life story in the fifteen minutes we stood there: he talked about how he grew up living poor with his family and how he wanted to be educated and go through college to get a good job so he could live well. But he said his parents just didn't have the money and it was impossible. I felt threatened as did Mike and Kim from the drunken gestures of this man and thought to myself, if this man wanted to make something of his life, I mean if he really wanted to, he would try harder and somehow do wh at he wanted. We tried to leave as soon as possible. But then I began reading these essays about the homeless and it started to change my mind. The essay "Virginia's Trap" by Peter Marin especially effected me because of the way it portrays the young woman that has nothing going for her and almost everything against her. I though about this and decided I had misunderstood the whole plight of this population and thought there must be a better way to help these unfortunate people. How should we help the homeless and should we try even though they may not help themselves? I figure that is the most important question that needs to be answered if anything is to be done. Of the essays I analyzed Awalt's "Brother Don't Spare a Dime" was the one essay that went against the idea of helping the homeless because the author thinks it's their own fault for being the way they are. The other two essays are easier on the homeless and want to lend a helping hand. In "Address Unknown: Homeless in Contemporary America" James Wright thinks that helping the homeless by giving them more benefits that they will be more prosperous. Peter Marin has the same idea in "Virginia's Trap" where the young woman is in need of just a

Cleaning Human’s Mess In The Waters Essay

One can not perfectly estimate how long it will actually take to clean up the oceans polluted by oil. It always depends on the techniques used, the efficiency of the people working on it, how often workers clean the oceans and the budget alloted for the clean-up. Cleaning the ocean is the less difficult part, but expects the recovery to take more than 15 years. If cleaning is the only issue, then 15 to 20 years will definitely be enough, given that all procedures are effective, all workers are responsible and serious with what they are doing and all alloted budgets are used directly to fund the oil spill clean up. The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill into the Limelight We can take the Exxon Valdez oil spill as an example. On March 24, 1989, one of the most shocking and seemingly-unrecoverable environmental disasters happened in Prince William Sound, Alaska, United States. This occurrence is said to be among the world’s largest oil spills when it comes to how much oil spill is released to the waters. Prince William Sounds is a place which isn’t easy to access. Because of its remote location, cleaning it was difficult. Workers who need to clean the waters had to ride in boats and helicopters to reach the place (Chandler and Streissguth, p. 5). What needed to be cleaned was 11,000 square miles of ocean or 28,000 square kilometers of water. There were 40. 9 million liters of oil, or 10. 8 million U. S gallons of Prudhoe Bay crude oil spilled into the sea. Cleaning up seemed impossible and people were hopeless, but there were bigger things at stake like lives of millions of seabirds, seals, sea otters and salmon which belonged to the sea and depended on such habitat for survival (Chandler and Streissguth, p. 6). There were indeed a lot of delaying tactics in terms of cleaning up the Exxon Valdez oil spill since it was the first time America was confronted with such a big disaster. No one was at least prepared for it. The responses to cleaning up were slow and generally inadequate. The shoreline of the waters was definitely destroyed. There was a dramatic decline in the microbial population. What were needed to start the cleanup were challenged by response management, but was in time attended by 85 aircrafts, 1,400 vessels and 11,000 personnel. Having been armed with all these, the clean up of the Exxon Valdez oil spill was started in April 1989 (Wells, Butler and Hughes, p. 217). Cleaning up oil spill can indeed be cleaned up within 15 to 20 years because considering the volume of oil spilled into the ocean by Exxon Valdez, five months was enough to partially clean the ocean and let the government stop the people from cleaning the oceans up. If cleaning up continued, the health of the workers will definitely be jeopardized. What Alaska did was to stop the cleaning in September (which was started in April of the same year) and waited for winter instead. Responses resumed in the next two years, where cleaning up was at its height during the summers. Winters were skipped because the weather was sure to help with the clean up, too. Alaska is known for more than frequent winter storms. This time, winter storms are a blessing in disguise because these were capable of removing the oil which accumulated in the shorelines. Even sub-surface oils were removed from the ocean, too. By summer, cleaning up with personnel and procedures resumed (Wells, Butler and Hughes, p. 218). Human efforts and the help from the environment was enough to clean the Exxon Valdez oil spill in approximately three years. After the efforts and responses from women, it becomes the turn of the environment. This actually happened when 378 of the 587 segments of shorelines were treated through the application of bioremediation alone. It didn’t take too long a time until cleaning the oil spill only required simpler techniques like bioremediation (as mentioned earlier), manual clean up and limited use of equipment (Wells, Butler and Hughes, p. 316). If this is how long it takes for a great disaster to be cleaned up, then how can one say that 15 to 20 years is not enough? Let it be a Lesson Learned It won’t necessarily take 15 to 20 years to clean up the ocean. It may reach that long enough, though, if cleaning up is still done irresponsibly. Clean-up attempts are dangerous. In fact, cleaning up may even be more destructive than the oil spill itself because physical methods and chemicals are needed to eradicate the oil from the waters. If the amount is incorrect or the physical method is done improperly, then further damage can be caused, thereby delaying the cleaning up process and recovery (Alvord and Alvord, p. 77). Oil penetrated deeply into the sea. The spilled oil stays fresh for a couple of years. In no time, it returns back to the surface. Before it even reaches the surface, the oil should be taken away from the ocean bed because it can kill nearly animals once it reaches the water’s surface. This is a concern of the people who work in cleaning up the oceans, which is why the response in oil spills is relatively fast since the Exxon Valdez caused trauma to a lot of people (Alvord and Alvord, p. 77). Because of the effects of oil on marine life and the quality of sea water, people are alerted – from government, be it local or national, to local residents near the shorelines of oceans. This alert alone is enough to warn everybody about the adverse effects of oil spill. The Exxon Valdez serves as a living example to help people stop the harmful things they do to the environment. The elimination of harmful acts will surely help in reducing the required clean-up years. Whatever it is that takes 15 to 20 years is not the cleaning procedures at all, but the long-term effects of the spilled oil. Millions of marine creatures are killed and it will take decades before reproduction is active and healthy again. The food we get from the water becomes questionable while tourism and economic depression is experienced.

Macbeth and Tragic Hero

Macbeth, a tragedy written by William Shakespeare in the 17th century, expresses clearly the strong pull that desire for power can have over a man. Macbeth, the title character of the play, is often expressed as being the villain of the tragedy. However, through studying the play closely it is clear to see that, rather than being an innately evil character, Macbeth is in fact a tragic hero, doomed by fate from the start to descend into the madness which he did. Had it not been for his hamartia and his interaction with the witches and his wife then the play would have had a very different ending.Like every tragic hero in literature Macbeth suffered from a tragic flaw, or a hamartia. In his case, his flaw was his vaulting ambition, combined with a lust for power. Macbeth himself recognises this ambition in act I, scene 7 where he states in a soliloquy â€Å"I have no spur to prick the sides of my intent but only vaulting ambition†. This comment suggests that he knows that the on ly thing that prompts his actions is his ambition. While ambition alone is not in fact a bad trait, when added with a lust for power, this ambition can become dangerous. Did having these qualities mean that Macbeth was indisputably corrupt?No, they simply meant that he, like all human beings, had a flaw and a weakness. Indeed, at the start of the play, Macbeth was seen as the hero, being described as â€Å"brave Macbeth† in act I, scene II, and shown as a loyal and brave solider on the battle field. He is also frequently referred to as valiant by Duncan throughout the first act. That ambition always resided within him but did not cause a problem until the prophecy was made by the witches in act I. It was essentially the moment that the witches first cast the prophecy over Macbeth that sealed his fate forever.Without the witches foretelling his rise to power as Thane of Cawdor and furthermore as the future king of Scotland, the idea would never have occurred to him. He was ini tially a modest character, grateful of his position in life. However, once the witches planted the seeds in Macbeths mind they started to flourish and, given his hamartia, the idea wholly consumed him. Though initially he did not believe what they said, once he was granted the title Thane of Cawdor, he started to consider that it could possibly be true. There is a noticeable ifference in his attitude toward the prophecy before and after he is made Thane of Cawdor. Before, there is a clear disbelief in his approach, though it’s obvious that he hopes for it to be true. Where as afterwards Macbeth is starting to view his promotion to King as not just a possibility, but rather an inevitable truth. His desire for this power arose and his ambition started to take control. It was this moment that started his transformation from hero, to tragic hero. However, the alteration was a slow one and throughout the tragedy the Witches continued to contribute to Macbeths growing insanity.Thei r prophecies begun to dictate his every move. This reliance on the witches is seen in the final scenes of the play, where Macbeth shows increasingly reckless behaviour in the battle scene due to the witches’ prophecy that â€Å"none of women born would harm Macbeth† (act IV, scene I). He became enraptured by a longing for power, a desire that would not have consumed him so, had it not been for his interaction with the witches. For if the Witches had not come along, than it is certain that Macbeth would not have fallen victim to the clutches of madness like he did.However, it was not only the Witches who contributed to his mighty fall. For it was not until he wrote to his wife that the ambition fully started to form. If it was the Witches who planted the seeds, then it was Lady Macbeth who helped them to grow. In many ways, Lady Macbeth can be described as the driving force behind the murder of Duncan and thus also Macbeth’s transformation. It was initially Lady Macbeth who created the idea for the murder of the King. Whiles Macbeth had previously considered it, he had never come to a conclusion and had simply left things to see how they turned out.Lady Macbeth was the one who voiced the idea and who pushed it. In act I, scene 7 Macbeth had decided that he would not go through with the act, however he was convinced otherwise by his wife, who questioned his manhood through quotes such as â€Å"When you durst do it, then you were a man; And, to be more then what you were, you would be so much more the man† (act I, seven 7). She worked on Macbeth’s ambition and filled his mind with ideas of power. Combined with his tragic flaw, it was almost impossible for Macbeth to resist that temptation. It was ultimately Lady Macbeth who spurred him to murder Duncan.Macbeth was not a typical villain, for whiles he did kill people he felt guilt and remorse for his acts. In the scene following the discovery of Ducans murdered body (act II), Mac beth showed great difficulty in hiding his remorse. This contrasted with his wife, who could easily hide the truth and forge innocence. He was also aware of the consequences that could arise from his actions, as seen in the ‘if it were when tis done’ soliloquy in act I, scene 7. Most other villains created by Shakespeare did not suffer from this same form of guilt as Macbeth, guilt that eventually drove him crazy.This emotion is shown in the scene where Macbeth sees an apparition of Banqo at the banquet. This apparition was a reflection of his remorse for the crime he had committed and his fear of being caught. This guilt and knowledge of the consequences of his actions is one of the main things that separates’ Macbeth from a typical villain and helps make him a tragic hero. Macbeth was not an irrevocably evil character, but rather one who had flaws which he caved into. In the end, it was his hamartia and his interactions with the witches and his wife that shaped him into the tragic hero that he became.

The Schlieffen Plan essays

The Schlieffen Plan essays Germany was faced with a problem; they were threatened by Russia and France, hence making a plan was mandatory. In 1905 the Germany army Chief of Staff Alfred Von Schlieffen came up with the plan to prevent war on two fronts (Russia and France). Schlieffen called it the Schlieffen Plan, what was supposed to happen was Germanys military force was supposed to take out neutral countries containing: Holland, Belgium and Luxembourg, and then attack Paris with full force of the country forcing France to surrender before Russia could prepare its forces. This plan was supposed to be executed, and done in about six weeks. The plan was flawless, but the way it was executed was not, so the execution did not work out too well. In 1905 Von Molkte replaced Schlieffens position in the military, because he died in his early fifties. He made a grave mistake in changing the original plan. He wanted to change the fact of taking over Holland, and concentrating the force he had on Belgium, he also changed the statistics. Originally Schlieffen wanted 90% of the force to go around the countries and sneak behind the country, and invade Paris while they were busy trying to get through the Lorraine Alsace because the other 10% was defending the border. What Molkte changed was the percentages, he took the 90% doing the hook through the countries, and changed it to 60% weakening the force, and strengthening the defense. It was a poor decision on his part, because now Belgium could actually fight back. On August 2, 1914 they proceeded to take out Luxembourg and Belgium all according to the plan, but by the time they got to Belgium their army withstood a good fight, and were backed up by Britains expeditionary forces, which had arrived faster than expected. A little while after this Germany had to withdraw forces in order to defend the eastern border of their country. Germany then moved the remaining ...

7 steps to rock your face-to-face interview

7 steps to rock your face-to-face interview It’s time for your in-person interview. Maybe you’re here after acing an initial phone interview, or maybe you just skipped straight to this stage. You have a suit cleaned and pressed, copies of your resume ready in a folder, and dreams of new business cards dancing in your head. Here are the steps you should take in order to impress your interviewer enough so you keep progressing through the hiring process. 1. Know your stuff backwards and forwards.â€Å"Do your homework† and â€Å"be prepared† should already be catch phrases burned into your brain. You should be digging deep into industry research, looking for information about the company, its competitors, and anything currently or imminently relevant in the field. Scope out some current employees on LinkedIn. Learn everything you can so you can go in and dazzle them.2. Anticipate problems you’ll be asked to solve.Set yourself apart from the crowd by making sure to brainstorm solutions to the emp loyer’s problems before the interview. The open position is probably focused on one section of the company. Have ideas ready to describe how you will help solve issues specific to the department that is hiring. Show the value of what you bring to the table- in concrete terms. Make your interview not about you personally, but about what you can do for this employer.3. Get the intel on your interviewer.Figure out who you are meeting with in advance and study up. If you’re meeting with a rep from human resources and not the person you’ll work for, prepare to tone down the lingo and industry language you would use if a company manager were interviewing you. Pitch yourself the same way (super qualified, motivated, and a great fit), but tailor your presentation to the audience.4. Build a relationship.Establish a rapport by treating your interview like a conversation. Ask questions. Answer redundant questions as though you’d never heard them before. Find a way t o let your interviewer talk about themselves or the company; it will ease your nerves and also get them to open up a bit. Remember to listen and engage- conversation is a two-way street. Being interested can often be  more important than being interesting.5. Have stories ready.Anecdotes are great illustrations to the dry bullet points of your resume. For everything positive you’re going to say about yourself, be prepared to have an anecdote to illustrate and back it up. Describe specific actions and solutions you took in tricky situations. Paint a picture of just how clutch you are under pressure.6. Show how much you want the gig.It never hurts to show your enthusiasm for the job, the industry, or the company. Don’t be so enthusiastic that you bubble over and talk through every silence with your nervousness, but do express how excited you feel about the opportunity and the potential privilege of working there.7. Strive to impress in everything you do.Make an impact f rom the second you walk in the door: this includes being punctual and dressing like a grown-up professional. Mind your body language- watch the fidgeting- and shake hands with confidence. When you look and act the part, you’ll already be at such an advantage that the rest of it will come quite easily.

Multi-national operation and risk management of Renishaw plc Essay

Multi-national operation and risk management of Renishaw plc - Essay Example It also deals in production of healthcare products. Among what it produces are medical devices, surgical robots, and planning software used for stereotactic neurosurgery for products. The company manufactures dental CAD/CAM and stereotactic neurological systems. The company sent its products to all markets in the world (Thomas 2012). This is a company with its base in the UK and has operations throughout the world. Renishaw Plc offers services in 35 key markets, including Australia, Europe, United States, and Japan among others. The UK and Germany are two of its largest markets (Grant 2007). Especially the Western Europe markets, which are the largest source of purchasing power accounting for 28% of the worldwide total in 2012. In addition, the company has more than 60 offices in 32 countries with 94% of its sales realized outside the UK. The reputation as exhibited by the company has made it receive numerous awards among them the fifth Queen’s Awards (Grant 2007). This is a public company listed in the London Stock Exchange with an employee base of over 3,092; it is also a constituent of FTSE 250 Index. However, this number grows progressively at the rate of 11.8% yearly. This is partly because of the business in which the company is engaged in of manufacturing an assortment of test-probe and measurement system that are applied in industrial operations. Its latest sales as at June 2013 were recorded at $ 527.5 Million with a growth of 1.8% from the previous year’s sales figures. Its net income was recorded at $ 105.6 Million with an income growth of 2.8% annually. The firm as well gains its competitive strengths from its competitors, which include - Badger Meter, Inc; Euro Tech Holdings Company Limited; Controlotron Corporation among many others (Aguilar 2004). Financial Ratio Analysis is a technique that is employed when analyzing the financial performance of a

Bringing Out the Best in People Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bringing Out the Best in People - Essay Example In fact, the superior leaders were even using these principles long before psychology was formally given its name. McGinnis' book, "Bringing Out the Best in People," showcases interesting anecdotes and case studies illustrating how a person can put 12 key principles to work for any group, may it be a family or an organization. So whether one is a parent, a friend, a teacher or an executive, his/her satisfaction can be guaranteed by "Bringing Out the Best in People." The author makes it really easy for his/her readers. The 12 principles or rules that he discovered are incredibly easy to follow. The list, however, is not meant to be limiting. It is actually meant to entice the reader to devour the whole book. Right from the start, McGinnis declared that he is taking a Christian standpoint in his approach of the topic at hand. With that said, he actually gives hope to anybody who wants to make a difference by motivating other people. As he points out, "Motivators are not born-they are made." The author asserts that the mental attitude already exists for prospective motivators since it is a human instinct that drives people to do something about lethargy and boredom, and be challenged instead. "Deep in the breast of everyone there is a drive to achieve something, to be somebody," McGinnis says. McGinnis develops his book by doing several things. First, he tells his readers about his observation on listening. According to him, if one will only listen to other people patiently, they will actually reveal what will motivate them. Next, he expounds on the value of encouraging others and creating the optimal work environment in an organization. He said this means giving space for failure because failure is sometimes inevitable when risks are taken, though temporary. Toward the end, the author includes an inspiring section on various leaders, dreamers and the lonely lifestyles these individuals often lead. The book ends with a quote from Goethe, "Whatever you dream you can, begin it. Boldness has genius, power and magic in it." This book is actually useful since it can help a person gain more focus if he/she will take to heart whatever he/she has read and follow whatever the book suggests. McGinnis also guarantees that communication skills will actually be enhanced because of this book. And because of this benefit, a person will be respected more by other people as his/her ability to relate to them improves dramatically and becomes more efficient. In order to help others to grow, it would be helpful to rise up to the challenge of the 12 rules or principles outlined by McGinnis in his book. According to the author, anyone who wants to be a great motivator and help others grow should do the following: 1. Expect the best from his/her employees and those he/she leads. 2. Understand the needs of his/her employees and use the information to create an environment that builds their motivation. 3. Establish standards of excellence that are attainable for your employees and those he/she leads. 4. Create an environment where failure isn't fatal. 5. Encourage his/her employees as opposed to nagging them. 6. Provide models of success

The slavery in America Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The slavery in America - Research Paper Example Most of them were enslaved for agricultural purposes, such as, cotton, tobacco, rice, and sugar production. Majority of these African slaves were American born since slave import to United States was officially banned in 1808, however, thousands of Africans were smuggled during next 50 years after ban on international trade. Among 40 million Africans were the descendents of those 12 to 13 million Africans who were kidnapped and brought to America in a massive slave trade starting from 1400s. Most of those enslaved Africans were either died in the brutal passages from Africa or landed in the West Indies or in South and Central America. Nearly 5 million Africans were imported to Brazil only (Davis, n.d.). There are three basic reasons which started and accelerated the practice of slavery in America. Firstly, early America needed cheap and excessive labor. Secondly, the belief of master and worker was prevalent in Americas. Thirdly, the prejudice against people of color and racism led to acceptance and justification of slavery in American society. With the increase in large plantations in the Southern states and invention of cotton gin, need of cheap and hardworking labor increased, therefore, slavery flourished even more in America (Buell, 2004, p.9). Though slave trade was practiced as an economic activity, but it entirely differs from traditional trade since its product is nothing else but human being. In a nonslave economy, workers determine the workload and consumption decision. Therefore, labor is different from other factors of productions. On the other hand, in slave economy, owner determines the workload and consumption (feeding) (Barzel, 1977, p.87). From the time when a Dutch ship smuggled 20 enslaved Africans in Virginia colony to 1865 when U.S Constitutions 13th Amendment and Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation (1863) ended slavery, 12 generations of Africans survived in America.

Motion-Powered Portable Charger

Motion-Powered Portable Charger The focus of this project is to design a Motion-powered portable charger for electronic mobile devices. The interest in electronic mobile devices has led to power supply problems. Most of the devices need a continuous power supply to be fully functional. This project is thought to design a solution to give almost unlimited power supply to charge the electronic mobile devices through movements of the users themselves. The energy is expected to be harvested from electromechanical devices such as Faradays hand-held generator or piezoelectric. The energy is then converted and altered to electrical energy depending on the required output power. This project would not only give almost unlimited power supply but it also would help in improving green technology and more efficient too. Simulation of the circuits in this project were created using Multisim.   1.1 Project Title Motion-powered Portable Charger 1.2 Aim The aim of this project is to design a motion-powered charger that allows electronic devices users to keep on charging their electronic devices from running movement of the users. To achieve this, the charger is expected to harvest enough motion from running to replenish cell phones or other small gadgets, like GPS devices. 1.3 Objectives The objectives of this project are as follows: Choosing the best electromechanical devices to charge the battery in the portable charger Testing the understanding of charger circuits which also includes AC-DC converters, amplifiers and other many minor circuits of an electronic devices Understanding in method to store energy in lithium-ion battery to be used to charge electronic portable devices Measure the efficiency of the devices ; input and output voltage, current and power of the charger Produce useable motion-powered portable charger 1.4 Learning Outcome Learning outcomes of this project are: Manage to understand the mechanism of charging and discharging condition of lithium-ion battery Understand on how to increase both voltage and current to required voltage and current Improve problem solving and decision-making skills for sudden mistakes discovered throughout the projects Have the confidence in designing an electronic and electrical circuits. Understand on files needed to produce a printed circuit board (PCB) Develop soldering skills so a PCB would be fully functional 1.5 Materials Required 18mm OD x 2mm WT x 12 long Perspex Tube 30 SWG Enamelled Copper Magnet wire LM324N OpAmp LM7812CT Single Linear Voltage Regulator TIP122G NPN Darlington Transistor 1N4148 Diode DC-DC 5V 1A/2A Boost Converter BZX79C 4.7V Zener Diode 10k ÃŽÂ © Potentiometer Resistors: 1 ÃŽÂ © 560 ÃŽÂ © 1k ÃŽÂ © 1.5k ÃŽÂ © 2.7k ÃŽÂ © 4.7k ÃŽÂ © 10k ÃŽÂ © 100k ÃŽÂ © 1M ÃŽÂ © Capacitors 10nF 100nF 1.6 Project Planning With a project with many different schedules and tasks that need to be completed project planning was an essential part to designing and building a functioning system. There is a time plan of the whole project in Appendix A Project Planning. 2.1 Fundamentals of Kinetic Energy and Mechanical to Electrical Energy 2.1.1 Faradays Law Initially, in 1821, a Danish physicist and chemist, Hans Christian Oersted, found a phenomenon so called electromagnetism. Soon after the discovery, a British scientist, William Hyde Wollaston, tried to design an electric motor using the fundamental theory of electromagnetism. However, his effort make no results and failed to create the motor [1]. Michael Faraday who have talked to both initiators of the theory started his experiments and managed to produce the very first electric motor. Since he is the only who published his works, he was credited for discovering the theory of induction in 1831 without acknowledging Wollaston [2]. This law predicts how magnetic field would related to electric field which then could produce electromotive force (EMF), a phenomenon generally called Electromagnetic Induction [2]. This law is applied as the basic fundamental theory for many applications such transformers, inductors, electric motors and in this project case, as a generator [2]. However, most of the scientists rejected the Faradays theory since it was not represented mathematically [1]. But only James Clerk Maxwell accepted the theory and described the law as Faradays Law of Induction mathematically which then later generalized to be called the Faraday-Maxwell Equation1 [1][3]. This equation is one of the four so called Maxwells Equation throughout all of his theory about electromagnetism [1]. Faradays Law of Induction surely needs the magnetic flux through a loop of wire [4]. The definition of magnetic flux is given by: where B is the magnetic field and dA is surface integral enclosed by the loop of wires. In term of graphical definition, magnetic flux through the loop of wire is directly proportional to the number of magnetic flux lines been cut when the magnet pass through the loop of wire [4]. 2.1.2 Lenzs Law The Faradays Law of Induction also states that when the magnetic flux that pass through the loop of wire changed, the loop of wire gained an EMF. Generally, this statement means that the induced EMF in closed circuit is defined as rate of change of magnetic flux made from the circuit [5][6]. The definition in term of equation is as below: where is the EMF while is the magnetic flux The Faradays Law of Induction is then further modified and improved by physicist named Heinrich Lenz. The improvised law is called as Lenzs Law. This law, of which gives the direction of the EMF, states that the direction of the induced current is opposite of the direction of the change that produced it because of the negative sign shown in the equation above [7]. In order to increase the induced EMF, it is known to customize the flux linkage since EMF is also known as rate of change of flux. This can be done by wounding coil of wires tightly producing N turns of wires, which each of the turn have the same magnetic flux. The EMF produced through this method is N times of one single turn of wire [8] [9]. Figure 1: Faradays Law of Induction producing EMF The theory from the Faradays Law of Induction due to magnetic flux linkage been cut by loop of wire then become the fundamental principle in making electrical generators. This could be happened when a conductor or loops of wires is moved relative to permanent magnet or vice versa producing EMF. If both ends of the opened-circuit wires is connected to any electrical devices, current will be produced and electrical energy is produced. This electrical energy is gained from the motion of the magnet which then proves the conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy. 2.1.3 Piezoelectricity Piezoelectricity is the ion charges which are collected in abundant amount in some solid materials, such as ceramics and crystal, and biological matter, for example DNA and bones [10]. This could only be happened when mechanical stress is applied onto the particular substances. It is understood that piezoelectric effect was a result of linear electromechanical contact between electrical and mechanical state in materials whose structure are in highly microscopic structure order. These materials used for piezoelectricity are normally have no inversion symmetry [11]. During the early mid of 18th century, the early discovery and research was studied by Carl Linnaeus and Franz Aepinus. However, the study was on pyroelectric effect. This pyroelectric shows that an electrical potential of a substances or material are produced whenever there is temperature changes [12]. From this discovery, Rene Just Hauy and Antoine Cesar Becquerel conclude a relationship between electric charge of a substances or materials with mechanical stress applied onto it. Despite of their experimental efforts to prove the relationship, they are likely fail to prove the experiments conclusive [12]. Unable to full understand the principle, in 1880, The Curie brothers, Pierre Curie and Jacques Curie manage to demonstrate the very first direct piezoelectric effect [13]. The brothers manage to predict the behaviour of crystal by combining their knowledge on pyroeletricity with their understanding about the crystal structure. The effect was demonstrated by the brothers using tourmaline (crystalline boron silicate mineral), topaz (silicate mineral of aluminium and fluorine), cane sugar and Rochelle salt (sodium potassium tartrate tetrahydrate) Quartz (mineral composed of silicon and oxygen) [13]. However, the converse piezoelectric effect wasnt predicted by the brothers. Only in the next year, 1881, Gabriel Lippmann managed to deduce the converse effect from the basic principles of thermodynamics mathematically [13]. Only then, the Curie brothers got to obtain the verification of the changeability of the deformations in the piezoelectric crystals and thus proved the presence of the converse effect [13]. The very first application of piezoelectric devices was as in sonar. It was first developed by Paul Langevin and his assistants during World War 1 at France which was about 1917 [13]. Starting from this creation where piezoelectric effect was used in sonar, the development of its technology and applications was intensely explored and developed. The most common application was found to be the piezoelectric sensor. Piezoelectric sensor, as known from its name, of course uses piezoelectric. This sensor detects any changes in pressure, force, temperature, stress or strain in form of electrical charge. This is one of the reason why it is called electromechanical devices as it generally converts mechanical energy to electrical energy Figure 2: Electronic and schematic symbol of a piezoelectric sensor The electrical properties of the sensor are that it has very high DC output impedance. This makes the sensor could also be sculpted as proportional voltage source or network filter [14]. Voltage across the source is directly proportional to any force, stress, strain or pressure applied onto it. The current passed through the circuit then will shows as output signal of the sensor of which specifically shows the result of the mechanical force applied [14]. Figure 3: Frequency response of piezoelectric sensor If it is intensely considered, the effects of the mechanical construction and other ingenuity of the sensor are included in the specified model. To make it function as sensor, the straight region (usable region) of the frequency response will normally be used [14]. As an effort to ensure that the low frequencies of interest (straight region) not lost, the leakage and load resistance must be sufficiently large. In this region, a corresponding circuit which has been abbreviated can be used. From the circuit, the capacitance of the sensor is signified by CS of which is defined by the general formula for capacitance of parallel plates [14]. However, the device can also be showed as charge source. This could only be happened if CS is in parallel yet the charge is still directly proportional to applied force [14]. Figure 4: Piezoelectric sensor as voltage source or charge source The principle operation of a piezoelectric material can be divided into 3 main operative modes: Longitudinal effect The total charge displaced does not depend on the dimension and shape of the piezoelectric elements. Yet, the amount charge displaced is directly proportional to the force or pressure. The one and only technique to surge the output charge is by placing a few piezoelectric elements in parallel as from electrical perspective but in series as from mechanical perpective. The output charge is as below: where is the piezoelectric coefficient as a charge in x-axis are being discharged by the forces exerted onto the same x-axis. , is the force exerted in the x-axis while is representing the number of elements that been fixed together. Shear effect The charges formed does not depend on the dimension and size of the piezoelectric elements at all and yet it is totally and directly proportional to the force and pressure exerted. The charge for elements which is placed in parallel as from electrical perspective but in series as from mechanical perspective can be illuminated as below: Transverse effect Charges along x-axis are displaced perpendicularly to a force that been applied along a neutral y-axis. The geometrical proportions of certain piezoelectric component determined the amount of charge displaced, CX. where is the proportion coordinated with the neutral axis, is coordinated with the charge producing axis while is the equivalent coefficient 2.2 Theory of Lithium ion Battery Amongst rechargeable battery that ever exist, lithium ion battery is known to be amongst the battery with highest capability to store energy per unit volume. This is one of the reason why lithium ion battery is considered to be useful for electrical energy storage [15]. Besides, lithium ion battery is also known for its capability and efficiency in charging and discharging [15]. However, there is also disadvantages of using this lithium ion battery. Comparing to capacitors and other different kind of batteries, it is essential for this lithium based battery to be charged using a definite voltage and restricted current [15]. If the condition is not fulfilled, the useful used-to-store-energy battery could be one of the dangerous battery as it could potentially be fire-starting bomb [15]. 2.2.1 Principles of Charging and Discharging Stage of Lithium ion battery The very foremost thing that need to be understood about discharging and charging a battery is its C-rate which is the foundation of battery usage. Generally, the batteries are characterised with nominal capacity which is measured in ampere-hour (Ah). But most of the time, the batteries are labelled in milliampere-hour (mAh) [15]. The label actually explains the amount of current supplied within one hour during the discharging state of the battery before the battery are fully depleted [15]. As an example, a battery labelled with 10000mAh which might be also labelled as 10Ah, could only push 10A to a circuit. If the battery is being discharged through the circuit with 10A but last for 1 hour, it said that the battery would have 1C discharge rate. It is also said to be discharged at rated capacity current. However, the discharge rate would only be 0.5C when the battery only provides 5A or 5000mA to a circuit. However, with 0.5C discharge rate, the battery would last for two hours [15]. Some batteries do tolerate for higher discharging rate compared to 1C, but it couldnt last longer than 1C discharge rate. As for charging condition, the theory is generally the same. At 0.5 charging rate, the same battery that labelled 10000mAh would be charged with maximum current of 50000mA [15]. However, comparing to discharge rate of a battery, most of the batteries are only charged at 0.5 to 0.7C charging rate because of safety and to have long-life battery [15]. Graph 1: Lithium ion battery cycle life, capacity and float voltage are interrelated From the graph above, it is concluded that each cell of most of the lithium ion batteries are only charged to 4.2V maximum. This is because charging using higher voltages might reduce the battery life even though the capacity of the battery are improved [16]. On the other hand, charging the battery using a lower voltage might increase the charge cycles but the run time of the battery are reduced [16]. Many batteries can be classified as over-discharged when the cell voltage of the battery is below 2.8V or 3V. When this happened, the battery can still actually be recharged and used [16]. However, a stage called aconditioning stage need to be done before the battery is charged again. Within the stage, the battery is only charged with 0.1C charging rate [16] Graph 2: The constant current, constant voltage charge profile of lithium ion battery The charge cycle of lithium ion battery is illustrated by the graph above. Generally, every charge cycle of single lithium battery contains two main stages which is Constant Current (CC) and Constant Voltage (CV). However, some chargers which charge series of lithium ion battery have an extra stage that is called Balancing Stage [16]. Explanation for each stage [16] is explained as below: Constant Current (CC) : This stage is always used by all the chargers and it is the one and only stage aimed at the fastest chargers. Generally, the battery is connected to current-limited power supply during this early stage. The limited current is normally 0.5 to 0.7 of the nominal capacity of the battery. The limited current flows continuously and constantly until the voltage of the battery cell reaches 4.2V. At this very moment, the charge of battery is expected to be around 70 to 80% [16]. Constant Voltage (CV) This stage is also known as the saturation stage. In this stage, the charger turns its role into voltage-limited power supply. Contradictly from the previous stage where voltage of the battery continues to be unchanged, the charge current decrease steadily. The battery is only acknowledged to be fully charged when the charge current is valued to be 3 to 10% of the rated capacity [16]. Balancing Stage As told before, this stage is normally only when series of lithium ion batteries need to be charged. In this stage, the charging current is normally lowered or in some cases, the charger is automatically and rapidly turned on and off in order to decrease the average current. At the same time, the charge of each battery cell is kept to the equal level. This was done by a circuit called balancing circuit. The stage will stop only when the batteries are found to be balanced. 2.2.2 Environmental Temperature Generally, lithium-ion battery give best charging performances only at cool temperature. The temperature accepted for the best performances ranging from 5  °C to 45  °C. Sometimes, the battery might even offer fast-charging within the accepted temperature [15]. It is also possible to charge the battery at low temperatures (below 5  °C). However, the cost to charge at low temperature is that the charge current will be reduced and indirectly, it would take long times for the battery to be fully charged. When the battery is charging in the low temperature, any increment in the temperature which is caused by the internal resistance of the cell would highly be beneficial even though it only small increment. On the other hand, charging the lithium ion battery in high temperatures can cause the battery to be degraded. Besides, charging the battery at high temperature (above 45  °C) also might lead to degradation of the battery performances. 3.1 Introduction In order to simplify the design and build the system, the project was split into modules. The project modules were initially designed to be like in the block diagram below. Figure 5: Initial flow chart of the motion-powered portable charger The modules were later adjusted based on the knowledge gained from the literature review. The adjusted modules are shown as below. Figure 6: Final flow chart of the motion-powered portable charger From the flow chart above, it can be seen that the input of the system is made to have two inputs. As for the system, the main input supposed to be the Kinetic/Mechanical to Electrical Energy Converter. However, the other input which is the AC Power Supply is also considered because it is made to be the alternative input just in case if there is any system failure in the main input. From the flow chart, there are three modules that are available in the market and would be useful for the system. The modules are AC Power Supply, Lithium ion Battery and 5V Voltage Regulator. 3.2 Kinetic/Mechanical to Electrical Energy Converter In this module, the design choice to generate the electricity which are harvested from kinetic or mechanical energy have been made. The design choice that have been made uses Faradays Law of Induction and Lenzs Law. Faradays Law of Induction applies that an electromotive force (EMF) will be produced when there is change in magnetic flux when a permanent magnet is passed through a loop of wire. Furthermore, Lenzs Law explained that the electromotive force (EMF) produced have different directions depending on the direction of the movement of the magnet relative to the loop of wire. Lenzs Law also indicates that the EMF can be converted into electricity if both ends of wire are connected to electrical load and it would produce an alternating current. Figure 7: Shake Generator with permanent magnet sealed in the tube From the understanding of the laws, a shake generator is made as in the figure above. The shake generator is made by using 30SWG magnet wire circling around a Perspex tube. A permanent and powerful magnet is then placed in the tube. Both end of the Perspex tube is then sealed using rubber-closed blind. Knowing that the generator would produce alternating current and produce low voltage, a circuit is designed which combined both AC-DC Converter and 12V Output voltage regulator. The AC-DC converter only consists of four 1N4001G diode which combined to form rectifier. On the other hand, the voltage regulator is created by using the LM7812CT Fairchild Semiconductor, 0.1 ÃŽÂ ¼F capacitor and 10 ÃŽÂ ¼F capacitor. Figure 8: AC-DC Converter and 12V 2A Voltage Regulator Circuit 3.3 Battery Charging Circuit Figure 9: Battery Charging Circuit In this circuit, a LM324N Operational Amplifier (op-amp) is used. The op-amp is used to produce a voltage and current limited power supply as in reviewed in the literature review early in this report. In this circuit, the current can be adjusted by using a potentiometer to produce current ranging from 160A to 1600mA. This allows the charger to charge various capacity of lithium ion batteries. The op-amp is used so that the voltage is limited to 4.2V. Thus, the lithium ion batteries will not be damaged. Besides, the circuit also used the TIP122G transistors. This transistor generally is a Darlington bipolar power transistor. This transistor can actually be replaced with any transistor which have pin that compatible with TIP122Gs pin. The transistor also need to have minimum DC current gain more than 100. Besides, the maximum collector current also need to be more than 2A. 3.3.1 Power Supply of the Charger Figure 10: Power Supply Circuit of the Battery Charger The battery charging circuit is mainly power-driven by a charger with rating of 12V 2A as designed in the Kinetic/Mechanical to Electrical Energy Converter module. It is found that the op-amp LM324N is not a rail to rail type. Thus, another voltage rail is needed so that the op-amp could detect the small voltages near the ground (GND). Besides, it is also made the output voltage to be low so that the Darlington transistor (TIP122G) wouldnt turned on when they are not supposed to. By referring to the overall schematic circuit of the Battery Charging Circuit, it can be seen that the transistor, that adjust the flow of the current and voltage across the lithium ion battery (illustrated by the oscilloscope), is not connected to ground but to a voltage rail. This is because the output of the LM324N op-amp couldnt reach the negative voltage supply. It can only reach 1.5 to 2.0V. At this condition, the TIP122G Darlington transistor couldnt be able to turn off and would result in the transistor for not be able to limit the current and voltage appropriately. This is one of the reasons why op-amp U1A and a transistor are used. This is to create a 2.5V rail practically compared to ground (GND). The voltage rail created are further used to sink the current which pass through the charger section of this module. From the circuit, the function of the resistor R2 and R3 are to act as potential divider which gives an average output voltage of 2.5V. However, it is still depending on the tolerance of both resistors. No matter on how the current flow, 2.5V will always loss across the op-amp which controls the transistor. In the circuit, the LED shows whether the charger is on or off. In addition, C2 steadily adjust the voltage out from the charger. In the battery charging circuit module, all of the op-amps and the charging indicator (illustrated by the LED) are precisely powered from the 12V supply. However, the remaining of the circuit is powered with the voltage between 12V and 2.5V rails which is 9.5V. 3.3.2 The charger circuit Figure 11: Actual Charger Circuit This section is the most significant section of the charger because this is the section that responsible in restricting the voltage and current across the lithium ion battery. From the circuit, the limited current can be controlled from the 10k ÃŽÂ © potentiometer. However, the limited voltage will be constantly at 4.2 V unrelatedly to the various kind of the power supply. The potentiometer also effectively works together with the U1C in limiting the current of the battery. The current passing it and the voltage across might be equal since the value of the sense resistor is only 1 ÃŽÂ ©. The potentiometer is above the 1k resistor and the voltage across the 1k ÃŽÂ © resistor is 160mV. This would make the lowest voltage of the output of the potentiometer would be 0.16V. In this condition, this circuit would produce limited current of 160mA which is a suitable condition to charge a lithium ion battery labelled with 300mAh. The highest limited current through the potentiometer can be somewhat more than 1.6A since the voltage drop that been found across it is about 1.6V. Thus, by changing the potentiometer, the possible output voltage obtained can be around 0.16V to 1.6V. On the other hand, this also means that the highest limited current can be ranging around 1600mA to 160A. The transistor will be driven by the op-amp to make the voltage across the sense resistor to have the equal value as in the output of the potentiometer. Besides, the op-amp might get to produce low voltage that is just sufficient to make the transistor turn off and to establish a low limited current all because of the 2.5V rail. Towards the finale phase of the constant current stage, the voltage of the lithium ion battery become closer to the value of 4.2V. At this situation, the limiting voltage stage of the circuit and the constant voltage stage will start to take over the process. A 4.2V situation under 12V (VCC) are created by the BZX79 4.7V Zener diode and the potential divider that consists of R10 and R11. At the moment where the voltage across the lithium ion battery get to 4.2V markings, the U1D op-amp begins to drive voltage into the reversing input of the other op-amp. This process will allow the op-amp to reduce the voltage of the output to the transistor. Thus, the current passing through the lithium ion battery will begin to fall steadily in order to maintain 4.2V across the battery. When the l

Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijns Self-Portraits Essay -- Painter Painting

The old man sits. His hands are folded nicely in his lap and his facial features stay composed. He wears an overcoat that seems to be a soft velvet, shaded in a reddish-violet hue. Curls peep through the cap on his head, which is pushed slightly back and to the side. His eyes gaze unto those of the observer, telling of his life; the lack of fulfillment, the need for restoration. The color of his face and the cap’s white brim are lit up against a background that nearly engulfs the outline of his body, giving an impression of incompleteness. Although the man’s garment can be seen, it is somewhat hidden amongst the dark colors surrounding. The lines and colors that are so considerably apparent in the creation of the stark whiskers, the distinguished nose and brow, and even the rounded cheeks, disappear in the detail of the body. Although this painting will marvel some, pulling them in as they observe; others will just pass by, thinking, he’s just a man on the wall. Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn painted many self-portraits throughout his career, and about forty have survived. In studying these paintings, one will find that a certain growth and development of his style happened throughout his life. For example, in his earlier self-portraits, he used a technique that is called chiaroscuro, which is the use of deep variations of light and shade. In these early paintings, it is hard to tell what Rembrandt looked like because of the shadows covering his face. The later portraits, however, have a softer, more emotional tone. These paintings are the most moving portraits that Rembrandt did. The one described above was done the same year that he died, 1669. The emotions that come with the painting are incredible and as... ...elf-expression. In looking at these different pieces, one can see that the life of this man and where he was, acts as an important reference to his paintings. So the next time you think, oh, he’s just a man on the wall, take time to look, what do you see? Works Cited Bockermuhl, Micheal. Rembrandt. Germany: Taschen, 2000. Koehler, Wilhelm. Rembrandt. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1953. Krent, Emily, and Danie Mary. Paintings by Rembrant.Web Gallery of Art. Web. 12 May 2015. http://www.kfki.hu/~arthp/html/r/rembran/painting/index.html Pescio, Claudio. Masters of Art: Rembrandt and 17th Century Holland. New York: Peter Bedrick Books, 1995. Pioch, Nicolas. Rembrandt. Web Museum, Paris. Web. 12 May 2015. http://www.ibiblio.org/wn/paint/auth/rembrandt Mjdehaan. "Virtual Exhibition" Novemeber 2014. Web. 12 May 2015. https://mjdehaan1.wordpress.com/

Oligopoly and Match Price

After reading this chapter, you should know: 1. The unique characteristics of oligopoly. 2. How oligopolies maximize profits. 3. How interdependence affects oligopolists' pricing decisions. Problems for Chapter 10 1. Suppose the automobile market in the U. S. is divided as follows: General Motors28% Ford23% Toyota18% Daimler-Chrysler16% All others15% a) What is the four firm concentration ratio? b) What is the approximate Herfindahl-Hirschman Index? 2.Assume an oligopolist confronts two possible demand curves for its own output, as illustrated below. The first (A) prevails if other oligopolists don’t match price changes. The second (B) prevails if rivals do match price changes. Price ($) $10 9 8 7 6 5 4Demand A 3 2 1Demand B 02468101214 Quantity (units per period) a) By how much does quantity demanded change if price is reduced from $10 to $4 and i) Rivals match price cut? ii) Rivals don’t match price cut? b) By how much does quantity demanded change if price is raised from $4 to $9 and ) Rivals match price hike? ii) Rivals don’t match price hike? 3. Suppose the following schedule summarizes the sales situation confronting an oligopolist in the beverage industry: Price (per unit) |$0. 30 |$0. 40 |$0. 50 |$0. 60 |$0. 70 |$0. 80 |$0. 90 | |Quantity demanded per period (in millions) |10 |9 |8 |7 |6 |5 |4 | | Using the graph below, a) Draw the demand and marginal revenue curves facing this firm. b) Identify the profit-maximizing rate of output in a situation where marginal cost is constant at $0. 0 a unit. $ 1. 00 0. 90 0. 80 0. 70 0. 60 0. 50 0. 40 0. 30 0. 20 0. 10 012345678910 (Quantity in millions) 4. Suppose Nike and Adidas spend enormous sums of money every year to promote their athletic wear, hoping to steal customers from each other. Furthermore, assume each year they have to decide whether or not they should spend more money on advertising. If neither firm advertises, each of them will earn $5 million. If both advertise, each will earn $2 million in profit.If one firm advertises and the other does not, the firm with the promotions will earn a profit of $3 million and the other firm will earn a mere $0. 5 million. Use a payoff matrix to present this problem. 5. For the problem above: a) If the probability of an Adidas decision to advertise is 90 percent, what is the expected payoff to Nike’s decision to advertise? b) If the probability of Adidas not advertising even though Nike does not is 20 percent, what is expected payoff to Nike’s decision to not to advertise? c) What should Nike do?