Power :: essays research papers

When a person has enough power in a society, it gives them a lot of control over certain things. When they have this control, they can have ownership over a person or a thing. By naming someone, or something, a person gains an unspoken ownership over him or her, they are now in control of him or her and it has created a new identity for them and erased their old identity. Power, naming and un-naming, control and ownership and identity are very important elements in â€Å"Mary† and â€Å"No Name Woman†. Both essays deal with power, identity, control and ownership, while â€Å"Mary† focuses more on naming and â€Å"No Name Woman† focuses on un-naming.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One’s power and position in a society can give them the â€Å"right† or ability to name or un-name a person. Someone can gain this right by his or her status socially, financially, and even racially. If it’s their own child, of course, they have every right in the world to name him or her. But in some cultures, as is evident in â€Å"No Name Woman†, they have the right to take away someone’s name if they have disgraced their family and/or community. A name is very significant because it gives a person a sense of who they are, an identity. In â€Å"No Name Woman†, Kingston’s aunt had no identity except for the story her mother told her and in â€Å"Mary† Marguerite’s new boss, Mrs. Cullinan changed her name to Mary which then, in a way, removed Marguerite’s original identity and gave her a new one, one she didn’t want.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By changing Marguerite’s name, Mrs. Cullinan proves how much power she has over a little black servant like Marguerite. A rich white member of the society, in which Marguerite grew up, has more power and control over things than someone of a poor background or a black background. Mrs. Cullinan wasn’t the first to incite the drastic change of Marguerite’s name, although she started it off by calling her Margaret, it was in fact, one of her friends who suggested that â€Å"the name’s too long. I’d never bother myself. I’d call her Mary if I was you.†(5) As if showing off to her friends, and proving that she really does have control and power over black people, she starts calling her Mary, much to Marguerite’s disgust. Marguerite soon learned that Mrs. Cullinan had changed Miss Glory’s name twenty years ago.

High Performance Working Systems Essay

High performance working systems have been defined as a combination of the practices of HR, the work structure of the organization and the processes utilized by the organization in order to maximize the knowledge, skills, commitment and flexibility of the employees. When this is implemented effectively, this form of working system would be able to benefit both the employees and management of the organization since employees will become more involved in the organization by becoming valuable contributors to the overall growth of the company (Bohlander & Snell, 2007). In the case of Lanier Worldwide, the high performance working system would benefit the company since there are a number of branches that are situated around the country, utilizing a high performance working system would ensure that they are given up-to-date information of the company’s business plans and strategies which would allow the employees from the different branches to provide suggestions in order to improve the operations of the company as well as making the employees more committed to the courses of action being implemented by the company (Bohlander & Snell, 2007). While all of the steps in setting up a high performance working system are considered to be crucial, the most important would have to be the establishment of a solid two-way communication plan during the initial stages of the changes being made by the company using this form of working system. This is because when management is able to properly communicate with their employees, fears and concern that may be felt by employees will be diminished. This, in turn, will ensure that commitment towards the established goals of the company will be reaffirmed and allow issues and areas of improvement to easily be addressed. Without a properly crafted communication plan, employees may become apathetic to the changes management would want to implement which may open doors to more problems on the part of the company’s operation as a whole.

Public Opinion And Policy Implications Of Television

Television remains a very important standard regarding how the community view the criminal justice system. Most residents have very little contact with the criminal justice system, usually limited to contacts with police. Only an estimated 21 % of citizens have contact with police officers in a year, and 40 % of those contacts are merely traffic stops (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2002). Most people get their information and perceptions about crime and the criminal justice system through various media outlets. Those who rely on the media, however, do not always receive an accurate view of reality. Media depictions, whether accurate or not, have very important public opinion and policy implications. One prime example of how the media can have powerful influences on public opinion was the focus on school violence in the past decade. The school shootings in the 1990s caused a panic among many parents who had children in school at that time. As portrayed by the media, school violence and shootings were on the rise, and something had to be done. As a result of the public outcry, Congress held hearings on the problem, and school budgets were strained in order to get such enhancements as metal detectors and school cameras. The media attention given to school shootings seemed to result in a widespread panic, where actual statistics and logical assessments of the threat were replaced by emotionally charged reactions to these isolated incidents (Burns Crawford, 1999). In actuality,Show MoreRelatedAgenda Setting Theory And Social Media1317 Words   |  6 PagesMedia The agenda-setting theory states that the media influences what people choose to think about. The theory emerged from communication studies and focuses on mass media and setting the public agenda. In the seminal article, McCombs and Shaw (1972) found a high correlation between media agenda and the public agenda through content analysis of a local election. The theorists wanted to discover what types of people are most susceptible to the media agenda through quantitative research. People acquireRead MoreEssay Final Exam Questions740 Words   |  3 Pagessubstantially different? 5) In a 1969 address, Vice President Spiro T. Agnew discussed the â€Å"importance of the television news medium to the American people.† He noted that â€Å"it must be recognized that the networks have made important contributions to the national knowledge- for news, documentaries, and specials. They have often used their power constructively and creatively to awaken the public consciousness to criti cal problems†¦The networks have a directness and an immediacy that’s the gift of theirRead MoreCanadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Broadcasting Regulatory Policy 1626 Words   |  7 PagesPolicy Problem The recent Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications (CRTC) (2013c) Broadcasting Regulatory Policy on the Distribution of Canadian Category C national news speciality services marks a new regulatory approach to distributing competitive news and sports programming in Canada. This policy is a response to Canadians concerns over consumer choice due to program bundling and an inability to select news and sports programs on a stand-alone basis (CRTC, 2013c; CRTC, 2014). BasedRead MoreMedia And Its Impact On Society Essay1625 Words   |  7 PagesMedia can be defined as â€Å"the means of communication as radio and television, newspapers, magazines, and the Internet, that reach or influence people widely† and is fully ingrained into our society. In fact, according to Nielsen’s Total Audience Report, during the 1st Quarter of 2016, American adults consumed media at a daily average of 10 hours and 39 minutes. Media not only entertains us and serves as an important ag ent of communication, but also plays a crucial role in the socialization of culturalRead MoreNews Media And Voting Preferences Essay1391 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The news media plays an important role in society. It sets the stage for political news, manages sources, and controls the information. It functions as a window to the outside world, and possesses the ability to shape public knowledge, attitudes, and voting behavior. The relationship between news media and voting preferences has become a hot topic in recent years worldwide. This paper will focus on the social and social-psychological aspects of media influence on the voting preferencesRead MoreFraming and Agenda Setting Bias in News Media Essay1540 Words   |  7 Pageshalf a century ago. The Fairness Doctrine, which was eliminated in 1987, was a policy that required the holders of broadcast licenses to both present controversial issues of public importance and to do so in a manner that was, in the Federal Communications Commissions view, honest, equitable and balanced. The Doctrine obligated broadcasters to devote some of their airtime to discussing controversial matters of public policy and to air contrasting views regarding those matters. Why are channels thatRead MoreCurrent Issues With Fcc Broadcast Indecency Regulations Essay1636 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"[w]hen families are watching a Sunday night football game, they shouldn’t have to brace themselves for a televised strip tease.† However, the Commission waited nearly a decade before finally announcing its first maximum fine of $325,000 against WDBJ Television, Inc., in Roanoke, Virginia. WDBJ broadcasted a news report about a former adult film star who joined a local volunteer rescue squad, including a video clip depicting the woman’s head and shoulders obtained from a video distributor’s website.Read MoreMedia and Politics: Agenda Setting and Framing Essay examples863 Words   |  4 PagesHow has media influenced public perception of political figures, issues, and institutions? Through agenda setting and framing, media has the power to set the agenda for political discussion by providing public attention to political figures, issues, and institutions. In addition, the media can frame political agendas by influencing public perception and interpretation. (Ginsberg, Lowi Weir, 1999) Agenda Setting and Framing Political Figures and Candidates In campaigning, media coverage playsRead More Media And Politics: Agenda Setting And Framing Essay871 Words   |  4 Pages How has media influenced public perception of political figures, issues, and institutions? Through agenda setting and framing, media has the power to set the agenda for political discussion by providing public attention to political figures, issues, and institutions. In addition, the media can frame political agendas by influencing public perception and interpretation. (Ginsberg, Lowi amp; Weir, 1999) Agenda Setting and Framing Political Figures and Candidates In campaigning, media coverage playsRead MoreAgenda Setting Theory And Social Media s Influence2238 Words   |  9 Pagesmonths on the front page of The Washington Post because McCombs and Shaw believe that the â€Å"mass media have the ability to transfer the salience of items on their news agenda to the public agenda.† They aren’t suggesting that broadcast and print personnel make a deliberate attempt to influence listener, viewer or reader opinion on the issues. Agenda setting is one of the fundamental mass media functions. Through exercising this function, mass media are forced to simultaneously satisfy certain material

The Role Of Police Officers And Deviant Behaviors Within...

MANDEEP SINGH 300183867 INTRO TO POLICING 1120 November 20, 2013 CIVILIAN OVERSIGHT Police work is a highly taxing and combative job where situations get aggravated in split seconds. Either patrolling a notorious neighbourhood, chasing a criminal on the streets or getting in a cross-fire with the suspect ,life is always on the edge. The tough choices made in these irksome situations are highly subject to the Police officers’ power to exercise his discretion. But with having discretionary power, police officers are also accountable for their conduct with the public and other members of the criminal justice system. The term civilian oversight refers to a practice under which law enforcement procedures by the police is reviewed and the misconduct is judged by the civilians. From many years it has been a controversial issue of who should policing the police for the deviant behaviors existing in police environment . There is no doubt that police officers must be held accountable for the deviant behaviors or the actions they take which are against the law. POLICE DESCRETION The quality of decision making decides the quality of policing . Many cognitive factors are involved in making decisions. Police officers have the authority to use force to ensure that laws are upheld and public safety and security maintained. But in recent years, a number of community groups have mounted public campaigns for civilian oversight of police complaint processes, as theShow MoreRelatedDeviance And Its Effect On Society Essay1436 Words   |  6 PagesDeviance is any behavior that does not conform to the dominant norms or values in a society or social group. Deviance can be either non-criminal or criminal. In today’s society, citizens view deviance behavior as activities that are associated with alcoholism, larceny, lying, gambling, cross-dressing, walking around nude in public places, and so forth. These are just a few examples of what societal members view as deviance. People who decide to engage in such behavior are declared to be deviants. Th e conceptRead MoreA Theory That Builds Upon Conflict Theory1703 Words   |  7 Pagesexamine why some officers exhibit deviant behaviors and why other officers do not is Symbolic Interactionism. Using this theory, I will examine the police targeting of citizens, more specifically the politically ostracized, and the spatial and temporal contexts in which this specific targeting occurs. Symbolic Interactionism gives emphasis on the individual meanings and the influences that socialization has when explaining the micro or individual level on interactions between the police and the politicallyRead MoreInmate Tattoos2493 Words   |  10 Pages Police Corruption The law enforcement role has authority and power in any society, and often that power is combined with the ability to make discretionary decisions that may profoundly affect the lives of the people in the community. With abundant power and authority, the temptation for corruption occurs. Police corruption is one major type of police misconduct, and has been known throughout history. According to Pollock (2012), â€Å"police corruption does not occur justRead MoreThe Theory Of Criminal Justice System1544 Words   |  7 Pagesthe criminal justice system. One of these key perspectives is the social control perspective. Social control theory lets us understand and lower levels of criminal activity. The idea is that an individual’s basic belief system fosters a lawful environment. People who have beliefs and commitments generally have enough self control over their actions and are able to stay on the good side of the law. Travis Hirshi was the creator of the social control theory, first known as the social bondRead MoreDiversity Experience : Lgbt Context889 Words   |  4 Pagesleading up to the role colleges and universities have in the United States in bringing awareness to the social awakening concerning LGBT issues. By changing curricula, higher education raises awareness of its faculty and students. This provides a safer environment for LGBT students, and helps prepare heterosexual and cisgender students for the diverse world they will encounter after leaving their college/university. Early efforts to understand the range of human sexual behavior came from EuropeanRead MorePolice Corruption2291 Words   |  10 Pagesand discretion in police work produces great potential for abuse. Police corruption has been a problem in American society since the early days of policing. An ancient natural tendency of human beings is to attempt to placate or win over those in positions of authority over them. This tendency is complicated in today’s materialistic society by greed and by the personal and financial benefit to be derived from evading law. The temptations toward illegality offered to police range from freeRead MoreThe Influence of Geography and Social Networks on Gang Violence1520 Words   |  7 Pagesthe involvement of violent crimes and unlawful behavior as a group or even by oneself. Since these gangs are increasing in size in communities, citizens of certain areas are beginning to move out or avoid going to these locations in order to avoid becoming the next victim to one of the community gangs waiting to engage in their next deviant act. These specific areas are located in communities that are at a poverty level, toxic areas, or environments where immigration is at its highest. Law enforcementRead MoreThe Influence Of Social Influences On Development2076 Words   |  9 PagesBaltes, in his typology of social influences, discusses the idea that people develop within a particular context or setting. Development can occur in the context of family, school, friends, neighborhoods and so forth. Such settings can be influenced by social, economic, political, historical, and cultural factors. Individuals, therefore, are developing and changing, as the world is evolving. Baltes explains three different influences that have an impact on development. The first includes the history-gradedRead MoreWhat is Deviance? Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagesconformity to the social norm. Not all deviant behavior is necessarily illegal or harmful to individuals, these behaviors can range from standing in another’s personal space to murdering another individual. In some cases, it can be looked upon as a positive change or a unique and favora ble act. Although, considered deviant because it is not the social norm, it still can have a very positive social aspect or lead to social change. Culture and the societies within these cultures have a significant impactRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency And The Nature Of Police Juvenile9755 Words   |  40 Pagesand the nature of police-juvenile encounters fueled most recently by the â€Å"Black Lives Matter† campaigns nationwide toward improved police-youth interactions. Yet, there are knowledge gaps on how best to proceed. There is insufficient information on the prevalence and nature of police-juvenile encounters in the rural areas of Mississippi, specifically, the Delta region. This lack of information means that policy-makers and academics are responding non-empirically to matters of police-juvenile rural encounters

Foreign Policy Can Be A Slippery Slope - 1844 Words

For Every Action, There is an Equal and Opposite Reaction Foreign policy can be a slippery slope, it’s difficult to have a policy between two diverse countries where their beliefs, values, and cultures are entirely different. As a result, when countries are entwined within a foreign policy, the decisions made may only benefit the very few people at the top. Unfortunately, when the leader of a country only takes their needs and wants into account and disregards policies to help make their country better domestically, problems will arise. As we saw through Taken Hostage, the tension of foreign policy between Iran and the U.S. was not a result of just one action, but instead the result of actions over the years. The Iranian people already had†¦show more content†¦Although the hostage crisis took place in 1979, the disapproval of the United States and Iran foreign relations took place over a century before the overthrow of the embassy. A major threat to the United States was the fear of the Soviets spreading their communist beli efs internationally. Due to this, the United States came to conclusion that the best way to stop the Soviets was to use a containment strategy (Cold War Intervention 1954). This entailed the United States doing what they thought was necessary to stop the spread of communism. Unfortunately, the prime minister of Iran at that time supported Soviet beliefs along with the idea of nationalism. The nationalist beliefs of the prime minister gave him the idea of nationalizing the Britain and American owned petroleum refineries in Iran, and god forbid someone touches the U.S. oil. With the fear of Soviet communism having an influence on Iran, the United States successfully completed a covert CIA operation that overthrew Mossaegh. Thus, replacing him with a pro-western Shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, who despised the Soviets just as much as the United States. With the new anti-communist Shah in place, the fear of the Soviets influencing Iran had finally subsided. However, even though the Unite d States needs were satisfied, American intervention with Iranian affairs was deeply resented. By the time of 1970 the Iranian people

Sternwheeler Clyde Essay Sample free essay sample

Home Port: Northport Marina – Alma Wisconsin Hull Information: theoretical account bow. semi 5 10 ga. A ; 3/16? steel building. 4 compartments.Hull Size: 44? X 12? X 1’4? bill of exchange Paddlewheel: 8’4?dia. x 9’4? broad oak and Fe building 16 – 1?7 pails ( ash )Engine Information: 4 cylinder 36 HP V1505 Kubota Diesel Drive: Engine turns a variable supplanting Eaton pump giving way and velocity on individual control lever. Dual Eaton 6000 motors driving both sides of wheel thru 2:1 roller concatenation decrease. Secondary hydraulic pump furnishes power for hydraulic guidance and 8? bow pusher. Builder Information: The CLYDE. was built over the past 12 old ages by my boy Frank and I in our pace at Pepin. We started with a 36? Whitcraft houseboat hull. cut a pes off the tallness. and reshaped the after part to supply profligate for the wheel. Decks are of 14Ga steel. Cabins are wood. First launched June 22. 2001 in Alma. Wisconsin. Superstructure: Wood building. chief cabin with galley and dinette. Full caput. We will write a custom essay sample on Sternwheeler Clyde Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page pilot bunks. and a maestro stateroom. Engine and Hydraulics set in the hull under the chief cabin. All controls are located in the pilot house. Rubber membrane roofing. Hog ironss are merely for expressions but they do pull off to maintain invitees from falling off the roof. Misc: The CLYDE. has fuel capacity of 2- 43 gal bow armored combat vehicles. 1- 30 gal chief armored combat vehicle. 50 gal H2O and waste armored combat vehicles. She besides carries 110 gallons of ballast armored combat vehicles in the bow. She has twin chief rudders in front of the wheel. Tried monkey rudders but decided they were more problem than they were deserving. Engine chilling is through ss H2O to H2O heat money changers. Engine fumes is a usage US Secret Service hydrolift type silencer. Narrative: The CLYDE was named after the balk CLYDE. the first Fe hulled boat ( 1870 ) on the upper Miss. My gramps Frank Newcomb was pilot on the CLYDE and his brother Ike Newcomb was Master. When I was a child. my pa built a 20? sternwheeler with a 6 horsepower Briggs and this started the whole trade.

Key Drivers of HIV and AIDS in Sub

Key Drivers of HIV and AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa and San Francisco Disease epidemics are largely caused by specific historic, political, economic, and cultural aspects. In this respect, the infection spread is often regarded as a social rather than biological process. The plague of the twenty-first century is AIDS that have been caused by a complex of cultural, economic and political conditions. Specifically, gender inequalities, genocide, poverty, and many other factors have had a destructive impact on the situation in developing countries (Kalipeni 15).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Key Drivers of HIV and AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa and in San Francisco and Church’s Response to the AIDS Pandemic specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Due to the lack of resources, consistent infrastructures, and effective governance, these economies have been struck by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and AIDS. The A frican continent has undergone the worst shifts, particularly its Sub-Saharan region. However, poverty is only one of the key drivers of disease epidemic because there are many cultural, moral, and ethnic determinants influencing the situation. To enlarge on this issue, the rate of people suffering from HIV/AID is significant. Irrespective of local conditions and geographical peculiarities, the reasons for HIV/AIDS emergence are rooted in a complex mix of political, social, and economical factors that drive the epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa and San Francisco. The nature of these factors is different, but refers to the common categories. The most tangible of epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa is strongly associated with gender issues. Specifically, such problems as gender inequalities and gender vulnerabilities, violence, and many other gender-related challenges are on the South African agenda (Gender and Inequalities and HIV n. p.). Gender inequalities are more related to masculinity i mplying that males are likely to have more sexual partners. This is of particular concern to men having relationship with much younger women. Further, force sex and violence of physical and emotional character are experienced by women who are less resistant to these threats. What is more threatening is that women have a lesser access to HIV/AID prevention plans causing restrictions to a decision-making process. Poverty and migrations are also among the core reasons for spread of the dangerous epidemic. Specifically, HIV prevention programs are often halted due to the lack of funding. These socioeconomic obstacles prevent the population from receiving sufficient financial, moral, and social support from developed countries (Kalipeni 205). This also explains why AIDS pandemic is still the major threat to our plant (Kelly 26). Despite the fact that many scientific and technological advances directed at preventing the disease have been introduced, the evidence shows that they have littl e impact on the developing countries having much lesser access to financial resources.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Cultural believes, morale, and ethics are decisive in defining the underpinnings of increased rates of HIV/AIDS in South Africa. While attaining much importance to cultural forces, it should be noted that educational and information reforms must be introduced to increase the population knowledge and promote generally accepted educational standards (Kalipeni 17). Lack of information and responsiveness explains the inefficiency of prevention plan because cultural constraints determine the results. Although the United States belong to one of the most developed economies, the rate of AID/HIV creates a serious challenge to the US government. The problem is of particular concern to San Francisco region where the epidemic is also on the rise. The contributing factors involve sexual orientation issues, injection drugs problems, and racial discrepancies. Heterosexuality can be largely associated with psychological, behavioral, and ethical patterns that are strongly associated with homosexuals (Kelly 45). Injection drugs are also toughly connected with the development of AIDS/HIV because they reflect the behavioral and psychological patterns that are typical of citizens (Rao and Svenkerud 86). In this respect, the prevention programs should be culturally sensitive and oriented on shaping new cultural patterns. Finally, racial discrepancies influence greatly the situation with AIDS increased rate as far as immigration issues are concerned. To be more precise, African Americans have higher rates of reported HIV cases among which are such categories as MSM and trans-persons are included (San Francisco HIV Prevention Plan 3). In conclusion, the analysis of social, cultural and political situations in Sub-Saharan region and San Francisco has re vealed that that there are a great number of factors contributing to the spread of the epidemic. In particular, the key driving factors of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan African involve gender inequality, poverty and migration, and cultural beliefs. In its turn, San Francisco high rates are largely predetermined by sexual orientation, injection drugs proliferation, and racial discrepancies. All these factors can be embraced into a complex mix of social, cultural, and economical issues. Differences and Similarities of Factors Driving HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa and San Francisco The identification of factors triggering the rise of HIV/AIDS in the regions has uncovered a number of distinctive differences and similarities. Before analyzing those, it should be stressed that pandemic is a social process that touches upon many political, ethnic, racial, cultural, and economical issues, which is the explicit similarity related to issue.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sam ple on Key Drivers of HIV and AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa and in San Francisco and Church’s Response to the AIDS Pandemic specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another common feature refers to the sexual orientation problem, particularly to homosexual males who have greater risk of being infected by the disease. Hence, due to male gender prevalence in South Africa, men are more likely to be sexually promiscuous. Despite similarities, there are obvious distinctions predetermined largely by economical and political conditions. Specifically, the level of poverty is different and, as a result, the causes of pandemic differ as well. South African region refers to developing economies whereas San Francisco in much more advanced in these terms. In addition, there are also discrepancies in cultural beliefs and perceptions. Lack of education and deficiency in understanding the problem prevents African people from embracing the seriousness of the issue. Church’s Response to AIDS Pandemic Today, African religious institutions are primarily considered as healing ministries. This tendency has come to the forth when it comes in Christian traditions in African region as far as the problem of AIDS spread is concerned. The analysis of religious background of churches in Zimbabwe and other countries of Southern region have revealed that religion considers AIDS as a deviation of behavior and rejection to follow the main principles of religion (Dube 27). The church reaction on the epidemic, therefore, can be considered through wider applications of religion to AID/HIV problem. Judging from the above, Churches in African places an emphasis on moral dimension to eliminate spiritual and physical suffering that people endeavor because of the disease. In this respect, the Christian communities are more presented as mentors and teachers encouraging people to fight with the pandemic and resort to pre-caution methods. Their actions are directed at increasing people’s awareness and promoting specific educational programs based on the Biblical principles. The reforms concern both the infected people and the one who face this threat. Works Cited Dube, Lilian et al. African Initiatives in Healing Ministry, South Africa: UNISA Press, 2011. Print.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More â€Å"Gender and Inequalities and HIV†. Gender, Women and Health. World Health Organization. 2011. Web. Kalipeni, Ezekiel, et al. HIV and AIDS in Africa: Beyond Epidemiology, New Jersey: Blackwell Publishing, 2006. Print. Kelly, Michael. HIV and AIDS: A Social Justice Perspective. Nairobi, Kenya: Paulines Publications, 2010. Print. Rao, Nagesh, and Peer J. Svenkerud. Effective HIV/AIDS prevention communication strategies to reach culturally unique populations: lesson learned in San Francisco, U. S. A and Bangkok, Thailand. International Journal of Intercultural Relations. 22.1 (1998): 85-105. Print. San Francisco Prevention Plan. Introduction. SFHIV. 2010. Web. 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